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                <text>These academic and educational works are texts that relate to the understanding and teaching of scientific knowledge. This includes subjects such as medicine, timekeeping, and healing. Many of these texts are books, while others are tablets or single manuscript leaves. Some of these works had the purpose of instructing and directing others on how to perform medicine and provide healing, while others are detailed calendars. The recording of text in the Byzantine era was very different from the current understanding of writing. Each of these pieces took a great deal of time, effort, and craftsmanship. </text>
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                <text>Grace Luzcando</text>
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              <text>This 15th-century illuminated manuscript is very similar to Dioscorides of Anazarbus’ Late Antique pharmacology manuscript De Materia Medica, which became the standard manual on plants and their medicinal properties. The Herbal in the Tradition of Dioscorides is made up of 679 chapters, a prologue, table of contents, and 20 pages worth of illustrations, including images of 71 different plants. Each chapter covers a different plant along with their medicinal uses written in black ink. There are marginal notes by users, and evidence of binding restoration showing the usage and importance of this manuscript in the early modern world. &#13;
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              <text>Isabel Coopersmith </text>
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              <text>https://franklin.library.upenn.edu/catalog/FRANKLIN_9948546323503681</text>
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              <text> Ink and wash on paper ; 26.1 x 19 cm bound 26.8 x 20.2 cm&#13;
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