1 10 32 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/62cd4971224a167e7da1390742fc9f79.jpeg 4a8b70c4886bbdd29941383f1e5bbea6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Art of Devotion Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Description An account of the resource Religion in Late Antiquity was marked by religious pluralism. Although the Byzantine Empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, art sometimes called upon non-Christian forms, and visual culture of multiple faith traditions existed. For example, when images of Christ or the apostles were depicted, sometimes they were figured in the form of Greek or Roman gods, or accompanied with pagan-derived personifications of geographic locations or ideas such as Death. Religious ideas from Byzantium spread to and are evident in a wide range of geographies, like Kyivian Rus' or late medieval Italy. Byzantine art of devotion mostly comprises Christian themes from Orthodox Christianity. Therefore, religious themes are seen even in personal items not used in the Church. Some of these include capitals adorned by angels; six silver plates that tell the story of the Life of David and his slaying of Goliath; and a Bowl Base with Christ Giving Martyrs’ Crowns to Saints Peter and Paul. Additional objects, such as a Dedication Plaque to a Jewish Temple and a a figural sculpture of Dionysius, demonstrate different religious traditions of Late Antiquity. While the contexts of these works vary, all of them engage with religious iconography. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bowl Base with Christ Giving Martyrs' Crowns to Saints Peter and Paul Subject The topic of the resource Saints Peter and Paul; Christ Description An account of the resource This glass bowl base is made with gold foil sandwiched between two fused layers of glass to create what is commonly known as a gold-glass medallion. This medallion illustrates saints Peter and Paul, notably beardless, sitting in the foreground, while Christ, who is also beardless, stands in the background crowning each apostle. The Latin inscriptions read: “joyful in Christ, worthy of friends” and “Peter, Paul”. These hint to the medallion’s Roman provenance. This medallion was likely created in celebration of the feast day of saints Peter and Paul, and museum records indicate that it was discovered in an unknown catacomb. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rome Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Metropolitan Museum of Art Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 350 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hannah Mackey Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Metropolitan Museum of Art Relation A related resource https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/463547?od=on&ft=byzantine&offset=280&rpp=40&pos=315 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Glass, gold leaf; 13.8 x 12.5 x 5 cm (overall); 9.5 x 0.3 cm (medallion only) Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Gold-glass medallion/bowl base Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 11.91.4 Roman https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/68b6ce644912b74f758de4ef1f9f447c.jpg 432172814400bdecb4ec3a875c600c1e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Personal Adornment Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luke Pelcher Description An account of the resource In the world of Byzantine art, jewelry and personal adornment played an important role in visual culture. The objects presented in this gallery, despite having common themes of devotion or protection, emphasize the wide variety of uses for jewelry in the Byzantine era — for instance, among the rings in this collection there is a wide variety of utilities; while adornment was typically a show of wealth and power, the ways in which individual objects were used still vary — from a marriage ring to a curse ring to a ring of devotion. Each of these, and all the pieces presented here, hold a unique story and show the power of Byzantine jewelry in the role of self-presentation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bracelet with Bust of Roma Subject The topic of the resource Roma, or Athena Description An account of the resource A personification, Roma or possibly Athena, is depicted on this bracelet made of gold. No matter her identity, the presence of a goddess on jewelry in the fifth century shows the continuing impact of pagan culture on the Byzantine world of late antiquity. The woman is depicted alone, emphasizing her importance. She is adorned with a necklace of teardrop pendants, beaded earrings, and a four-cornered cap. The stippled background behind her extends to a beaded outer layer of the medallion. The medallion connects to the hoop of twisted gold wire by way of hinges, which would allow the object to be worn. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rome Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Metropolitan Museum of Art Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 500-550 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luke Pelcher Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Metropolitan Museum of Art Relation A related resource https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/464164 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Gold, Overall: 4.2 x 5.5 x 6.9 x 4.4 cm Bezel: 4.2 x 0.6 cm Braided Wire: 14.5 x 0.5 x 0.8 cm Type The nature or genre of the resource Bracelet Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 17.190.2053 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/a6a0fe6965c433aa599a0c4779881682.jpeg 34bd287a47f53dcb5cd09bb5abb3ac5b https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/86244e6a60f7f851ce7c5626f2897de7.jpeg c994a01b561053b5887e3b729d07736a https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/5d6ee1a0b08af8ea03920678d650c2d2.jpeg 3b7064280028d2f975918e8c873d9e2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Art of Devotion Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Description An account of the resource Religion in Late Antiquity was marked by religious pluralism. Although the Byzantine Empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, art sometimes called upon non-Christian forms, and visual culture of multiple faith traditions existed. For example, when images of Christ or the apostles were depicted, sometimes they were figured in the form of Greek or Roman gods, or accompanied with pagan-derived personifications of geographic locations or ideas such as Death. Religious ideas from Byzantium spread to and are evident in a wide range of geographies, like Kyivian Rus' or late medieval Italy. Byzantine art of devotion mostly comprises Christian themes from Orthodox Christianity. Therefore, religious themes are seen even in personal items not used in the Church. Some of these include capitals adorned by angels; six silver plates that tell the story of the Life of David and his slaying of Goliath; and a Bowl Base with Christ Giving Martyrs’ Crowns to Saints Peter and Paul. Additional objects, such as a Dedication Plaque to a Jewish Temple and a a figural sculpture of Dionysius, demonstrate different religious traditions of Late Antiquity. While the contexts of these works vary, all of them engage with religious iconography. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Capital with Bust of the Archangel Michael Subject The topic of the resource Archangel Michael Description An account of the resource This marble capital features the Archangel Michael holding a scepter and orb. The winged angel can be identified by inscription on the left side of the abacus (the upper portion of the capital). The sharp edges indicate it was probably found in the corner of a church interior. Michael is also dressed in the clothes of the Emperor, consisting of the divetesion (tunic) and himation (cloak) as well as raised details suggestive of the jewels and pearls of imperial dress. This was an effective way to associate the Emperor with important holy religious figures. Similar sculptures have been found in Constantinople dating around the twelfth or thirteenth century. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Eastern Mediterranean Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Metropolitan Museum of Art Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1250-1300 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grace Luzcando Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Metropolitan Museum of Art Relation A related resource https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/466108 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Marble, 25.4 x 17.1 x 10.6 cm Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Capital Bust Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1983.167 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/41be1ed20493f42cdd2da01a93dc7df3.jpg 15e1b78b3131c4e10bfd8de22c2101a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Academic Texts Description An account of the resource These academic and educational works are texts that relate to the understanding and teaching of scientific knowledge. This includes subjects such as medicine, timekeeping, and healing. Many of these texts are books, while others are tablets or single manuscript leaves. Some of these works had the purpose of instructing and directing others on how to perform medicine and provide healing, while others are detailed calendars. The recording of text in the Byzantine era was very different from the current understanding of writing. Each of these pieces took a great deal of time, effort, and craftsmanship. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grace Luzcando Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Collection of texts on the calendar Subject The topic of the resource Calendar charts and Graphs Description An account of the resource A compilatory manuscript filled with diagrams and notes on astrology and a few different calendars. There are multiple contributors to this collection spanning from the 7th to 15th century. It is written in Armenian Bolorgir script which contains both majuscule and minuscule lettering, that is, capital and lowercase letters. The cover is made of calf and is lined in a patterned fabric. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anania Shirakatsʻi (685), Hovhannēs Vardapet (ca. 1045-1129), Grigor Skewṛatsʻi (12th c.) Hakob Ghrimetsʻi (14th c.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived LJS 443, Kislak Center, University of Pennsylvania Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 14th century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jules Olszewski Language A language of the resource Armenian Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper, ink, fabric, calf leather https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/706afa695f907b8542e800520a863ea1.jpg 1ebcc06e906a323edf4839fbecb03e74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Beth Shean Subject The topic of the resource Archeological Dig Site Description An account of the resource The archaeological dig at Beth Shean (ancient Scythopolis), modern-day Israel, opened the doors to three millennia of material culture, including the Byzantine period. Beth Shean is remarkable in that its archeological record exists from as early as the 6th millennium BCE, including significant activity in the Late Bronze Age (approx. 1100 BCE). It later resurfaced in the Hellenistic Period, and was a pivotal city during the 4th and 5th centuries CE. During the Byzantine period of 330—638 CE, the city underwent many religious and political changes, including the introduction of Christianity in the fourth century and later the arrival of Islam in the seventh. It fell to an earthquake in 749 CE and would rest relatively untouched until the excavation of the Tel by the Penn Museum in the 1920s. In this gallery, objects from this excavation are presented in their archeological context. Seen below are a variety of materials, ranging from glass to ceramic to coins as well as domestic items. These objects represent the full geography of Beth Shean, including monastic contexts, funerary sites, and the home. All of these works come from different archeological layers. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Natalie Green Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/beth-shean-revisited/ https://beth-shean.squarespace.com/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Door Handle Knocker Subject The topic of the resource Door handle knocker with lion's head motif Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Beth Shean Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 300-1100 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Emily Feyrer Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/250675 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Bronze cast Type The nature or genre of the resource Door knocker Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 29-108-104 Description An account of the resource This bronze door knocker features a hollow lion's head. Surrounding the lion’s head are nine knobs radiating outwards. Possibly made in Constantinople between the years 300-1100 CE, the door knocker was found on the Island of Cyprus. It is pierced in four places for the purpose of attachment to a door. While there is no religious affiliation known, the lion’s head is commonly associated with the city of Jerusalem. Excavated in Beth-Shean, Israel, now in the collections of the Penn Museum. https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/9393ec0b47acf7d2012aced215750582.jpg f388675148a85f98e0d56f90220770e6 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/37738850392b56499c98799391fa0453.jpg 95ebd1864cda8712dbc87a0e4bc35059 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/cef9f4a4b9d4f5bf508919b18717d355.jpg fe60266680c6b2b2de6c72c616d19d31 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/63f13f3c7feb8fd7f5a7fbb49360c9f8.jpg 6c7c568ec2f9e28d5a789f5ecbe818ab https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/964e3a4b73531a2ffbb94c3dae672b3b.jpg 7e42c2042186f692e4547c39f9ac3a1f https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/2d274404009dc5603b2a9ba3bbbe4319.jpg 7cc579afa1ed3c4528114182f4261726 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/a471b2fd780be851f98ee0cab4bb7147.jpg 988a0ca0e5926f88057249ccdcb0765c https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/7cec3b8f9def8b928117d25a2066a4f6.jpg 88fec83542490e15c63d3f3e7fe191b4 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/9894e493c3acb57591d19c254812f829.jpg 8bb4c9007fb3a2bea8e340ba1d2b660c https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/ab6ff2d1acbcc4429359fe6802d0721e.jpg 2225635045452dedebe305eaaba3c43d https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/77c7d7879024fe20718265b80422f767.jpg 541f79fa532caa0151efce1c6b7b0e95 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/6867284f3b93b179e0b8b24776281212.jpg fb9d1bc319b19cdc1e15c8923b7cf23d https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/eff129da492b53f509dbd7b533a942f4.jpg b487917f7b65f0733a896f859343dd90 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/384bda9a1790a8b20620dad15a273766.jpg af52803e66ffc774caa8a1f6e7aeb6b9 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/40620b838c2bb16914f1bb8f02020e34.jpg e296f793e5a1d3ba7795748e7c3c1a92 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Household Items Description An account of the resource In modern scholarship, historians have begun learning more about the daily life of the Byzantines. Emerging from the Pagan society of the Romans, Byzantium quickly turned to the a religion, Christianity. Many of the most brilliant examples of Byzantine culture are manifested as liturgical objects, or ecclesiastical architecture that has survived modern times. However, there is a much more intimate and personal side of history as well. Objects from the household provide insight into daily life of a Byzantine family. Homes in Byzantine were not only a place for resting one’s head; they were also for devoted members of society to continue their religious, personal, and artistic lives. Items as simple as jugs used for washing, or trunks that held valuables, carried icons from the Bible as decoration. Ornament and functional items often held a larger insight into the attitudes and artistic views of ordinary people in Byzantium. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Emily Feyrer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ewer with Humans and Animals Subject The topic of the resource Humans and Animals Description An account of the resource This ewer, or a washing vessel, was typically used in either a domestic or liturgical setting. The setting in which the ewer was used is currently unknown considering the figural elements. Drawing from either the secular or religion world, it contains both mythical and realistic animals as well as several unknown human figures. The unknown artist utilizes the sgraffito and guilloche techniques to possibly represent Greco-Roman times or Byzantian and Islamic story motifs. Regardless, the scene represented uses both mythological and realistic subjects to create a compelling story upon the ewer. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://museum.doaks.org/objects-1/info/35684 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dumbarton Oaks Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 13th Century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Austin Cooper Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Dumbarton Oaks Relation A related resource http://museum.doaks.org/objects-1/info?query=Portfolios%20%3D%20%223220%22&sort=0 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource ceramic ; 26cm Type The nature or genre of the resource Vessel Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1958.92 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/4544263463eb342d3455d2f0535e2e9f.jpg ae91ecf72ddf9a1ce4df490af700ec4a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Household Items Description An account of the resource In modern scholarship, historians have begun learning more about the daily life of the Byzantines. Emerging from the Pagan society of the Romans, Byzantium quickly turned to the a religion, Christianity. Many of the most brilliant examples of Byzantine culture are manifested as liturgical objects, or ecclesiastical architecture that has survived modern times. However, there is a much more intimate and personal side of history as well. Objects from the household provide insight into daily life of a Byzantine family. Homes in Byzantine were not only a place for resting one’s head; they were also for devoted members of society to continue their religious, personal, and artistic lives. Items as simple as jugs used for washing, or trunks that held valuables, carried icons from the Bible as decoration. Ornament and functional items often held a larger insight into the attitudes and artistic views of ordinary people in Byzantium. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Emily Feyrer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fragment of a Hanging with Two Figures in Arcades Subject The topic of the resource Two Figures in Arcades Description An account of the resource This textile furnishing was found in Egypt in a burial context, alongside many other tapestry fragments. Originally used as a wall hanging, this piece was likely manufactured in a workshop where textiles of a similar nature were made. It was repurposed as a burial shroud after its initial construction. As there are two different colors in the warp (or weaving), this work demonstrates high-quality craftsmanship through its illusionistic play of light and shadow. The two figures are dressed in traditional Persian-style garments and the architecture shown in the piece acts as a frame for the two figures as they carry fruits and objects, personifying the earth and its abundance. There are many missing details due to time but there is evidence of ancient repair. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4th-6th century CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Isabel Coopersmith Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Relation A related resource http://museum.doaks.org/objects-1/info?query=mfs%20any%20%22BZ.1970.43%22&sort=9 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Tapestry weave in polychrome wool; 42.5 cm x 635 cm Type The nature or genre of the resource Textile Wall Hanging Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BZ.1970.43 Household Textile https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/0b46123cbd71927b2eb2b6d86bc00d13.jpg a73d5b0fad8e9f1c634e762953f5dd25 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/1f42306d7fca65dd51a534667768ad0e.jpg e17f24a62501ed6ca5f4d76eb7052d61 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Liturgical Texts Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Isabel Coopersmith Description An account of the resource Liturgical books and texts are some of the most important objects from Byzantium, demonstrating some of the most important aspects of the liturgy. The liturgy refers to the services held by the church, which can include ordinary masses and the celebration of the Eucharist, Sacraments, and Baptisms. There are many customs that take place during these services, some of which include: blessing, singing, washing, kneeling, eating, and more. Services have many fixed aspects, but depending on the day or season, service leaders rely on these liturgical texts to help guide the service. Lectionaries, a general term for books containing readings from the Four Gospels for the liturgical services, can be traced back to the 7th century CE. There are three major types of liturgical books: the evangelion (lectionary) which contains Gospel lections; the prophetolgion which contains Old Testament lections; and the Apostolos which contains lections from the Book of Acts. These texts are crucial as their main purpose is to provide the readings of the church during mass. Liturgical texts found in this gallery range from fragments of Psalters, to a Menologion (a church calendar), to entire lectionaries made for Hagia Sophia, and are all exceptional examples of the importance of liturgy for the Byzantine world. The Old Testament and the New Testament are all represented, and provide an idea of what a liturgical service during the Byzantine Empire looked like. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fragment of a Menologion Description An account of the resource This Menologion fragment, written in Greek using gall ink on parchment, has been rebound in a 19th century cover. A menologion was a book used to honor the saint or saints honored with a feast on any given day. This one contains Homilies of three church fathers and lacks illumination throughout. The incompleteness of this manuscript is an unfortunate truth that many Byzantine books face. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Free Library of Philadelphia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11th-12th Century CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luke Pelcher Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Free Library of Philadelphia Relation A related resource https://bibliophilly.library.upenn.edu/viewer.php?id=Lewis%20E%20156#page/12/mode/2up Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Parchment; 345 x 255 mm bound to 355 x 280 mm Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/4d9074a54ecc1029a6c78018a298cc9a.jpeg eece1f964ac6ff225ac8a54343cb03f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Personal Adornment Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luke Pelcher Description An account of the resource In the world of Byzantine art, jewelry and personal adornment played an important role in visual culture. The objects presented in this gallery, despite having common themes of devotion or protection, emphasize the wide variety of uses for jewelry in the Byzantine era — for instance, among the rings in this collection there is a wide variety of utilities; while adornment was typically a show of wealth and power, the ways in which individual objects were used still vary — from a marriage ring to a curse ring to a ring of devotion. Each of these, and all the pieces presented here, hold a unique story and show the power of Byzantine jewelry in the role of self-presentation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gem Ring Subject The topic of the resource Late Antique Ring with Modern Setting Description An account of the resource Rings were a very common form of personal adornment within the Byzantine Empire. They would be a means of conveying the wealth and/ or faith of the wearer. While this particular gem ring doesn’t have any identifiable imagery, it does contain text engraved on the surface in intaglio (an engraving technique). This engraving, written in Greek, does not have any comprehensible meaning, which may suggest that it functioned as a curse ring. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Natalie Green Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/169749 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Agate and metal, height 1.2 cm, width 0.9 cm Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Ring Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 29-128-1826 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Penn Museum https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/97be70bab430d56ca68623ab60228fcf.jpeg 38628ceed1eb6a5dea0eaefe74c9e073 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/f542502f7e55688ae2ade5ce7a49d1b4.jpeg bd56e5d6ac8755598324572b41d5af37 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/882e6a8a2328cd4bb8495dc5aaa79bec.jpeg 36c4eda03470e6d67d614ef36e2b9db6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Art of Devotion Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Description An account of the resource Religion in Late Antiquity was marked by religious pluralism. Although the Byzantine Empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, art sometimes called upon non-Christian forms, and visual culture of multiple faith traditions existed. For example, when images of Christ or the apostles were depicted, sometimes they were figured in the form of Greek or Roman gods, or accompanied with pagan-derived personifications of geographic locations or ideas such as Death. Religious ideas from Byzantium spread to and are evident in a wide range of geographies, like Kyivian Rus' or late medieval Italy. Byzantine art of devotion mostly comprises Christian themes from Orthodox Christianity. Therefore, religious themes are seen even in personal items not used in the Church. Some of these include capitals adorned by angels; six silver plates that tell the story of the Life of David and his slaying of Goliath; and a Bowl Base with Christ Giving Martyrs’ Crowns to Saints Peter and Paul. Additional objects, such as a Dedication Plaque to a Jewish Temple and a a figural sculpture of Dionysius, demonstrate different religious traditions of Late Antiquity. While the contexts of these works vary, all of them engage with religious iconography. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanging Lamp with Hand Holding a Cross Description An account of the resource This hanging oil lamp chandelier was meant as an offering for a cure or remedy, possibly taken out only when a halt to sickness was needed. Originally it was not meant to be hung and was probably mounted on a stake or rod of some kind instead. When the hole was drilled to turn it into a hanging lamp, part of the Virgin’s face was destroyed. Along with the Virgin and child, other figures include Saints Peter, Paul, and Stephen. The two components of the branches connected to the hand and cross were not originally attached. Many alterations have been made over the years, for instance, one of the arms that holds the oil vessels is a modern replica. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Eastern Mediterranean Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grace Luzcando Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Metropolitan Museum of Art Relation A related resource https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/471990 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Dimensions: 35 x 41.3 cm Medium: Copper alloy Type The nature or genre of the resource Lamp Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1974.150 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 500–700 CE, restored in 20th century Language A language of the resource Greek Subject The topic of the resource Hand Holding a Cross, Virgin, Christ, Saint Peter, Paul, Stephen