2 10 32 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/555810a2c0bb41aab6b77f2791953261.pdf 9ad811f634be1b45a8ad4d088287a6d7 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/c3e0b252f8ed3c3be1ba843c8d5a4b65.pdf 82b12e9d0551bc2d385df67432e08a0c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Academic Texts Description An account of the resource These academic and educational works are texts that relate to the understanding and teaching of scientific knowledge. This includes subjects such as medicine, timekeeping, and healing. Many of these texts are books, while others are tablets or single manuscript leaves. Some of these works had the purpose of instructing and directing others on how to perform medicine and provide healing, while others are detailed calendars. The recording of text in the Byzantine era was very different from the current understanding of writing. Each of these pieces took a great deal of time, effort, and craftsmanship. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grace Luzcando Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Herbal in the tradition of Dioscorides Subject The topic of the resource Herbal in the tradition of Dioscorides Description An account of the resource This 15th-century illuminated manuscript is very similar to Dioscorides of Anazarbus’ Late Antique pharmacology manuscript De Materia Medica, which became the standard manual on plants and their medicinal properties. The Herbal in the Tradition of Dioscorides is made up of 679 chapters, a prologue, table of contents, and 20 pages worth of illustrations, including images of 71 different plants. Each chapter covers a different plant along with their medicinal uses written in black ink. There are marginal notes by users, and evidence of binding restoration showing the usage and importance of this manuscript in the early modern world. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dioscorides Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 15th Century CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Isabel Coopersmith Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, Universities of Pennsylvania Libraries Relation A related resource https://franklin.library.upenn.edu/catalog/FRANKLIN_9948546323503681 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Ink and wash on paper ; 26.1 x 19 cm bound 26.8 x 20.2 cm Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LJS 62 Christian Greek Manuscrips Medicinal https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/04fc4e5fe47323807e89a1a610f3b0ac.jpg 8d8ff7359af4e943def11da88eca5a90 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Art of Devotion Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Description An account of the resource Religion in Late Antiquity was marked by religious pluralism. Although the Byzantine Empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, art sometimes called upon non-Christian forms, and visual culture of multiple faith traditions existed. For example, when images of Christ or the apostles were depicted, sometimes they were figured in the form of Greek or Roman gods, or accompanied with pagan-derived personifications of geographic locations or ideas such as Death. Religious ideas from Byzantium spread to and are evident in a wide range of geographies, like Kyivian Rus' or late medieval Italy. Byzantine art of devotion mostly comprises Christian themes from Orthodox Christianity. Therefore, religious themes are seen even in personal items not used in the Church. Some of these include capitals adorned by angels; six silver plates that tell the story of the Life of David and his slaying of Goliath; and a Bowl Base with Christ Giving Martyrs’ Crowns to Saints Peter and Paul. Additional objects, such as a Dedication Plaque to a Jewish Temple and a a figural sculpture of Dionysius, demonstrate different religious traditions of Late Antiquity. While the contexts of these works vary, all of them engage with religious iconography. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Icon with the Crucifixion Subject The topic of the resource Christ being crucified with the Virgin Mary, John the Evangelist, Three soldiers, and Hades Description An account of the resource This ivory scene of the Crucifixion has Jesus being crucified as the center piece. On his left is his mother Mary and on the right is Saint John the Evangelist. Under his feet are three soldiers casting lots for Christ’s cloak. Below the soldiers the Cross pierces Hades’ torso. Above, an elaborately delicately carved canopy frames the scene. The small size of this ivory suggests that it was used in the context of private devotion. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Constantinople Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Metropolitan Museum of Art Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Mid 10th Century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Art of Devotion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Ivory (15.1 × 8.9 × 0.8 cm) Type The nature or genre of the resource Icon Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 17.190.44 Relation A related resource https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/464428 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/7cb4878eb114a9d2757856d551edae9d.jpeg d3a9e06ec78c12ad009e944c7ea161c4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Liturgical Texts Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Isabel Coopersmith Description An account of the resource Liturgical books and texts are some of the most important objects from Byzantium, demonstrating some of the most important aspects of the liturgy. The liturgy refers to the services held by the church, which can include ordinary masses and the celebration of the Eucharist, Sacraments, and Baptisms. There are many customs that take place during these services, some of which include: blessing, singing, washing, kneeling, eating, and more. Services have many fixed aspects, but depending on the day or season, service leaders rely on these liturgical texts to help guide the service. Lectionaries, a general term for books containing readings from the Four Gospels for the liturgical services, can be traced back to the 7th century CE. There are three major types of liturgical books: the evangelion (lectionary) which contains Gospel lections; the prophetolgion which contains Old Testament lections; and the Apostolos which contains lections from the Book of Acts. These texts are crucial as their main purpose is to provide the readings of the church during mass. Liturgical texts found in this gallery range from fragments of Psalters, to a Menologion (a church calendar), to entire lectionaries made for Hagia Sophia, and are all exceptional examples of the importance of liturgy for the Byzantine world. The Old Testament and the New Testament are all represented, and provide an idea of what a liturgical service during the Byzantine Empire looked like. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Illuminated Psalter Subject The topic of the resource Psalter Description An account of the resource Psalters are an important part of Christian liturgical services and are some of the most popular texts of the Middle ages. Psalters contain the Psalms that would have been used in church services, but also within Orthodox communities contained the Magnificant of the Virgin, a hymn that is sung during prayers. Psalters also served as weapons against demons and evil beings. They also were used as a pedagogical tool for reading comprehension in the Byzantine world, as they were commonly-found texts in homes and monasteries alike. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Metropolitan Museum of Art Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Written and Illuminated ca. 1100 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Natalie Green Relation A related resource https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/474236 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum 20.7 x 14.9 x 5.1 cm, Single MS leaf:19.5 x 14.7 cm Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2001.730 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/a5e8067ce4b5e7e7bd8b5d385a6ee3aa.jpeg c4b987d78bf3a8ec84d60502207cc152 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Beth Shean Subject The topic of the resource Archeological Dig Site Description An account of the resource The archaeological dig at Beth Shean (ancient Scythopolis), modern-day Israel, opened the doors to three millennia of material culture, including the Byzantine period. Beth Shean is remarkable in that its archeological record exists from as early as the 6th millennium BCE, including significant activity in the Late Bronze Age (approx. 1100 BCE). It later resurfaced in the Hellenistic Period, and was a pivotal city during the 4th and 5th centuries CE. During the Byzantine period of 330—638 CE, the city underwent many religious and political changes, including the introduction of Christianity in the fourth century and later the arrival of Islam in the seventh. It fell to an earthquake in 749 CE and would rest relatively untouched until the excavation of the Tel by the Penn Museum in the 1920s. In this gallery, objects from this excavation are presented in their archeological context. Seen below are a variety of materials, ranging from glass to ceramic to coins as well as domestic items. These objects represent the full geography of Beth Shean, including monastic contexts, funerary sites, and the home. All of these works come from different archeological layers. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Natalie Green Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/beth-shean-revisited/ https://beth-shean.squarespace.com/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inkwell Subject The topic of the resource Glass Inkwell Description An account of the resource This inkwell is made up of blue glass and has two parts, the top being larger than the bottom, it is also a chamber and holds ink, whereas the bottom is solid and indicated by dark blue “knobs.” There are four small glass blown loops attached to the top portion which would allow for the inkwell to be suspended within a writing desk. Found in the Lower Terrace West of Beth Shean, approximated to have been in either Level I or Level II in the Early Arab subdivision considered part of the Abbasid Period (750-1258 CE). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1000-1100 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jules Olszewski Type The nature or genre of the resource Glass Ink Vessel Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Glass Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 29-105-696 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/29d020de02d51409fc17f7847c95c377.jpeg daf43a7679bbf70cf96da171ba02b2d5 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/190a0dc6f1e1b7f92db952e7862eb28b.jpeg 42688e806cab11a33a0e1a1b99b6f3b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Academic Texts Description An account of the resource These academic and educational works are texts that relate to the understanding and teaching of scientific knowledge. This includes subjects such as medicine, timekeeping, and healing. Many of these texts are books, while others are tablets or single manuscript leaves. Some of these works had the purpose of instructing and directing others on how to perform medicine and provide healing, while others are detailed calendars. The recording of text in the Byzantine era was very different from the current understanding of writing. Each of these pieces took a great deal of time, effort, and craftsmanship. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grace Luzcando Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Manuscript of Paulus Aegineta Medical Compendium in Seven Books Description An account of the resource This is a single leaf of a paper manuscript from a 15th-century copy of surgeon Paulus Aegineta’s Medical Compendium in Seven Books, a medical text that compiled what was written about Medicine at the time. Born in 625 AD, Paulus Aegineta was considered the father of early medical writing and the last great Byzantine physician. Here he copies a passage from Synopsis ad Eustathium by a predecessor Oribasius. At one point parchment made of animal skin was often used for manuscripts, but as many animals needed to be killed this was expensive. The transition to cheaper and more accessible allowed for more copies to be made of works like these that preserve these medical texts. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Paulus Aegineta Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Eastern Mediterranean Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kislak Center for Special Collections; Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 15th Century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grace Luzcando Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kislak Center for Special Collections; Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 330 x 230 mm , paper Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript leaf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Misc Mss Box 14 Folder 22 Miscellaneous manuscripts https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/e09f1ce13130bd894fcf1b50dee14e47.jpg 14360a0e8db93b47888ffce2520c317b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Art of Devotion Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Description An account of the resource Religion in Late Antiquity was marked by religious pluralism. Although the Byzantine Empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, art sometimes called upon non-Christian forms, and visual culture of multiple faith traditions existed. For example, when images of Christ or the apostles were depicted, sometimes they were figured in the form of Greek or Roman gods, or accompanied with pagan-derived personifications of geographic locations or ideas such as Death. Religious ideas from Byzantium spread to and are evident in a wide range of geographies, like Kyivian Rus' or late medieval Italy. Byzantine art of devotion mostly comprises Christian themes from Orthodox Christianity. Therefore, religious themes are seen even in personal items not used in the Church. Some of these include capitals adorned by angels; six silver plates that tell the story of the Life of David and his slaying of Goliath; and a Bowl Base with Christ Giving Martyrs’ Crowns to Saints Peter and Paul. Additional objects, such as a Dedication Plaque to a Jewish Temple and a a figural sculpture of Dionysius, demonstrate different religious traditions of Late Antiquity. While the contexts of these works vary, all of them engage with religious iconography. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marble Plaque for Donation to a Temple Subject The topic of the resource Plaque Description An account of the resource Inscription: [θε]οῦ προνoίᾳ Ε̣[ὕρε= το?]ς πρεσβύ(τερος) κὲ ἔποικος μετὰ τῆς συβίου κὲ τέκν= ων μου ἀνενέωσα τὸ πρόναον τοῦ ἁγιάσ= ματος ἐκ τῶν δωρε= ῶν τοῦ θεοῦ. וארטאס עשה תפּלות שלום Translation: (Greek) Through the providence of God, I, E[uretu]s(?), Elder and Trustee, with my wife and children, renovated the forecourt of the temple with the gifts of god. (Hebrew) Euretus made house of prayer, peace. This marble plaque most likely served as a dedication to the patron who helped fund the renovation of synagogue forecourt. The Greek inscription indicates who made the donation and the purpose for said donation. The Hebrew text further praises him for helping to create a house of prayer. Further, below the lines of text, we are presented with Judaic symbols that hold significance to multiple Jewish holidays. This might indicate that the donation was made around the time of a Jewish holiday or as a gift to the temple for one of the holidays. Regardless of its origin or meaning, this plaque serves as an important piece of work that gives insight to ancient Judaic culture of antiquity. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Judy and Michael Steinhardt Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Austin Cooper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4th - 6th Century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Austin Cooper Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Judy and Michael Steinhardt Collection Relation A related resource https://usepigraphy.brown.edu/projects/usep/inscription/NY.NY.MMA.GH.L.2000.74.2/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Marble ; 15.98cm 15.74cm x 0.96cm Language A language of the resource Greek and Hebrew Type The nature or genre of the resource Plaque Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2000.74.2 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/43ee73c83f6e06a6df1442891bd6f655.jpg 429aff85ae5f93b77f34b94738013484 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Personal Adornment Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luke Pelcher Description An account of the resource <span>In the world of Byzantine art, jewelry and personal adornment played an important role in visual culture. The objects presented in this gallery, despite having common themes of devotion or protection, emphasize the wide variety of uses for jewelry in the Byzantine era — for instance, among the rings in this collection there is a wide variety of utilities; while adornment was typically a show of wealth and power, the ways in which individual objects were used still vary — from a marriage ring to a curse ring to a ring of devotion. Each of these</span><span>,</span><span> and all the pieces presented here</span><span>,</span><span> hold a unique story and show the power of Byzantine jewelry in the role of self-presentation.</span><span> </span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marriage Ring Subject The topic of the resource A couple, with Christ Description An account of the resource This ring, made of gold, is from the early Byzantine period and is believed to have been used to signify and protect a marriage. It shows Christ, centered, joining the hands of the two parties flanking him in an engraving of niello, which is a black powder or paste mixture of metals and sulfur. Christ joining their hands in Dextrarum Iunctio, ‘the union of the right’, the joining of the right hands of two parties, represents a divine endorsement of the marital bond between the wearer and their partner. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dumbarton Oaks Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 650-750 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luke Pelcher Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Dumbarton Oaks Relation A related resource http://museum.doaks.org/objects-1/info/36706 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Gold with niello; 2.1 cm Type The nature or genre of the resource Ring Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BZ.1961.3 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/075a5ed1a63d5e9ee18ed135342b990e.jpg f88ee719ff275eee78b0fdcdf7cf2622 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Academic Texts Description An account of the resource These academic and educational works are texts that relate to the understanding and teaching of scientific knowledge. This includes subjects such as medicine, timekeeping, and healing. Many of these texts are books, while others are tablets or single manuscript leaves. Some of these works had the purpose of instructing and directing others on how to perform medicine and provide healing, while others are detailed calendars. The recording of text in the Byzantine era was very different from the current understanding of writing. Each of these pieces took a great deal of time, effort, and craftsmanship. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grace Luzcando Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mathematical Tables Description An account of the resource The mathematical tables pictured here are most likely from a Christian community and school in Fayyum, Egypt during the 6th or 7th century. The numbers are written in Greek, demonstrating that a student was practicing his or her division tables. The material is a board of wood that has been covered by a coat of gesso. The numbers are written in five columns horizontally across the board, and there are holes made in the top of the board which signal that this would have been put together with other pieces of wood as an early type of notebook. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 500-699 CE Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kislak Center, Penn Libraries Relation A related resource https://openn.library.upenn.edu/Data/0001/html/ljs228.html Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 1 board fragment : 95 x 390 mm Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource wooden board Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Oversize LJS 228 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Asher Riley https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/f7627d9bbf6ee42c7c0f1d7f84f8d32d.jpeg 9d02b23b142c5dc835cc09fb914db42f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Beth Shean Subject The topic of the resource Archeological Dig Site Description An account of the resource The archaeological dig at Beth Shean (ancient Scythopolis), modern-day Israel, opened the doors to three millennia of material culture, including the Byzantine period. Beth Shean is remarkable in that its archeological record exists from as early as the 6th millennium BCE, including significant activity in the Late Bronze Age (approx. 1100 BCE). It later resurfaced in the Hellenistic Period, and was a pivotal city during the 4th and 5th centuries CE. During the Byzantine period of 330—638 CE, the city underwent many religious and political changes, including the introduction of Christianity in the fourth century and later the arrival of Islam in the seventh. It fell to an earthquake in 749 CE and would rest relatively untouched until the excavation of the Tel by the Penn Museum in the 1920s. In this gallery, objects from this excavation are presented in their archeological context. Seen below are a variety of materials, ranging from glass to ceramic to coins as well as domestic items. These objects represent the full geography of Beth Shean, including monastic contexts, funerary sites, and the home. All of these works come from different archeological layers. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Natalie Green Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/beth-shean-revisited/ https://beth-shean.squarespace.com/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mother and Child Figurine Subject The topic of the resource A mother and child Description An account of the resource This figure, excavated from a mass grave at Beth Shean in the 1920s, is fashioned from terracotta, adorned with a red wash, and depicts a woman carrying, presumably, her own child upon her left shoulder. The figurine appears to have been created from a mold, as each side shares the same design, is hollow, and has a visible seam along its sides. There are no visible religious connotations in the figurine, and it most likely was used as an offering to the deceased, as a device in funerary practice, or simply was a possession of the departed. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Beth Shean, Israel, Cemetery North II, 105/3, Glass G Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Late 5th century CE (?) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hannah Mackey Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/104154 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Ceramic; 14.2 x 3 x 6.1 cm Type The nature or genre of the resource Figurine Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 29-103-936 Beth Shean https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/8c69c290632623e14df694ef826f4786.jpg b257127c1ecc7ba2e0fe91af033d16ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Liturgical Texts Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Isabel Coopersmith Description An account of the resource Liturgical books and texts are some of the most important objects from Byzantium, demonstrating some of the most important aspects of the liturgy. The liturgy refers to the services held by the church, which can include ordinary masses and the celebration of the Eucharist, Sacraments, and Baptisms. There are many customs that take place during these services, some of which include: blessing, singing, washing, kneeling, eating, and more. Services have many fixed aspects, but depending on the day or season, service leaders rely on these liturgical texts to help guide the service. Lectionaries, a general term for books containing readings from the Four Gospels for the liturgical services, can be traced back to the 7th century CE. There are three major types of liturgical books: the evangelion (lectionary) which contains Gospel lections; the prophetolgion which contains Old Testament lections; and the Apostolos which contains lections from the Book of Acts. These texts are crucial as their main purpose is to provide the readings of the church during mass. Liturgical texts found in this gallery range from fragments of Psalters, to a Menologion (a church calendar), to entire lectionaries made for Hagia Sophia, and are all exceptional examples of the importance of liturgy for the Byzantine world. The Old Testament and the New Testament are all represented, and provide an idea of what a liturgical service during the Byzantine Empire looked like. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New Testament / Psalter Subject The topic of the resource New Testament Greek Psalter from Constantinople (Istanbul) Description An account of the resource This is a New Testament Greek Psalter found in Constantinople around 1199 CE. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Free Library of Philadelphia, Rare Book Department Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Free Library of Philadelphia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1199 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Free Library of Philadelphia Relation A related resource https://libwww.freelibrary.org/digital/item/4173 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Width: 8.46 inches Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Lewis E M 44:27-28 Language A language of the resource Greek