1 10 32 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/8c69c290632623e14df694ef826f4786.jpg b257127c1ecc7ba2e0fe91af033d16ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Liturgical Texts Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Isabel Coopersmith Description An account of the resource Liturgical books and texts are some of the most important objects from Byzantium, demonstrating some of the most important aspects of the liturgy. The liturgy refers to the services held by the church, which can include ordinary masses and the celebration of the Eucharist, Sacraments, and Baptisms. There are many customs that take place during these services, some of which include: blessing, singing, washing, kneeling, eating, and more. Services have many fixed aspects, but depending on the day or season, service leaders rely on these liturgical texts to help guide the service. Lectionaries, a general term for books containing readings from the Four Gospels for the liturgical services, can be traced back to the 7th century CE. There are three major types of liturgical books: the evangelion (lectionary) which contains Gospel lections; the prophetolgion which contains Old Testament lections; and the Apostolos which contains lections from the Book of Acts. These texts are crucial as their main purpose is to provide the readings of the church during mass. Liturgical texts found in this gallery range from fragments of Psalters, to a Menologion (a church calendar), to entire lectionaries made for Hagia Sophia, and are all exceptional examples of the importance of liturgy for the Byzantine world. The Old Testament and the New Testament are all represented, and provide an idea of what a liturgical service during the Byzantine Empire looked like. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New Testament / Psalter Subject The topic of the resource New Testament Greek Psalter from Constantinople (Istanbul) Description An account of the resource This is a New Testament Greek Psalter found in Constantinople around 1199 CE. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Free Library of Philadelphia, Rare Book Department Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Free Library of Philadelphia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1199 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Free Library of Philadelphia Relation A related resource https://libwww.freelibrary.org/digital/item/4173 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Width: 8.46 inches Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Lewis E M 44:27-28 Language A language of the resource Greek https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/79c8df1420cfe376621bc79bcaab3cdd.jpg b9daefc48330d9b6b31bf57a274a3c02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Liturgical Texts Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Isabel Coopersmith Description An account of the resource Liturgical books and texts are some of the most important objects from Byzantium, demonstrating some of the most important aspects of the liturgy. The liturgy refers to the services held by the church, which can include ordinary masses and the celebration of the Eucharist, Sacraments, and Baptisms. There are many customs that take place during these services, some of which include: blessing, singing, washing, kneeling, eating, and more. Services have many fixed aspects, but depending on the day or season, service leaders rely on these liturgical texts to help guide the service. Lectionaries, a general term for books containing readings from the Four Gospels for the liturgical services, can be traced back to the 7th century CE. There are three major types of liturgical books: the evangelion (lectionary) which contains Gospel lections; the prophetolgion which contains Old Testament lections; and the Apostolos which contains lections from the Book of Acts. These texts are crucial as their main purpose is to provide the readings of the church during mass. Liturgical texts found in this gallery range from fragments of Psalters, to a Menologion (a church calendar), to entire lectionaries made for Hagia Sophia, and are all exceptional examples of the importance of liturgy for the Byzantine world. The Old Testament and the New Testament are all represented, and provide an idea of what a liturgical service during the Byzantine Empire looked like. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Old Testament Fragment; Enarratio in prophetam Isaiam Subject The topic of the resource Greek religious commentary Description An account of the resource This 10th-century Greek manuscript fragment consists of one folio of the Book of Wisdom and a religious commentary by Basil of Caesarea. It originated from an Old Testament parent manuscript, Codex Atheniensis 2641 (National Library of Greece). The pages are laid out in two columns of twenty-eight lines using frame-ruled ruling patterns. This manuscript’s use of a minuscule bouletée (a Middle Byzantine script) is the oldest dated and recorded example, thus being an important paleographical artifact. The title translates to “a detailed interpretation of the Prophet Isaiah,” the first Major Prophet in the Christian Old Testament. The large margins and elegant script remind the reader that this book is refined and luxurious, fine and full of grandeur. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saint Basil, Bishop of Caesarea (ca. 329-379 CE) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Free Library of Philadelphia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 913-14 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jules Olszewski Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Leather, Ink, and Parchment; Iii+11+iii; 360 x 245 mm bound to 370 x 265 mm Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Free Library of Philadelphia Relation A related resource Codex Atheniensis 2641 (National Library of Greece) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Lewis E 251 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/a5e8067ce4b5e7e7bd8b5d385a6ee3aa.jpeg c4b987d78bf3a8ec84d60502207cc152 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Beth Shean Subject The topic of the resource Archeological Dig Site Description An account of the resource The archaeological dig at Beth Shean (ancient Scythopolis), modern-day Israel, opened the doors to three millennia of material culture, including the Byzantine period. Beth Shean is remarkable in that its archeological record exists from as early as the 6th millennium BCE, including significant activity in the Late Bronze Age (approx. 1100 BCE). It later resurfaced in the Hellenistic Period, and was a pivotal city during the 4th and 5th centuries CE. During the Byzantine period of 330—638 CE, the city underwent many religious and political changes, including the introduction of Christianity in the fourth century and later the arrival of Islam in the seventh. It fell to an earthquake in 749 CE and would rest relatively untouched until the excavation of the Tel by the Penn Museum in the 1920s. In this gallery, objects from this excavation are presented in their archeological context. Seen below are a variety of materials, ranging from glass to ceramic to coins as well as domestic items. These objects represent the full geography of Beth Shean, including monastic contexts, funerary sites, and the home. All of these works come from different archeological layers. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Natalie Green Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/beth-shean-revisited/ https://beth-shean.squarespace.com/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inkwell Subject The topic of the resource Glass Inkwell Description An account of the resource This inkwell is made up of blue glass and has two parts, the top being larger than the bottom, it is also a chamber and holds ink, whereas the bottom is solid and indicated by dark blue “knobs.” There are four small glass blown loops attached to the top portion which would allow for the inkwell to be suspended within a writing desk. Found in the Lower Terrace West of Beth Shean, approximated to have been in either Level I or Level II in the Early Arab subdivision considered part of the Abbasid Period (750-1258 CE). Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1000-1100 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jules Olszewski Type The nature or genre of the resource Glass Ink Vessel Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Glass Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 29-105-696 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/42d003d055a4e48b9ad98cedcd2ea949.jpg a410b967933ccf1b905ec41e08353fbf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Academic Texts Description An account of the resource These academic and educational works are texts that relate to the understanding and teaching of scientific knowledge. This includes subjects such as medicine, timekeeping, and healing. Many of these texts are books, while others are tablets or single manuscript leaves. Some of these works had the purpose of instructing and directing others on how to perform medicine and provide healing, while others are detailed calendars. The recording of text in the Byzantine era was very different from the current understanding of writing. Each of these pieces took a great deal of time, effort, and craftsmanship. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grace Luzcando Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pros mathēmatikous (Against The Professors) Subject The topic of the resource A manuscript covering the subject of education and state of learning Description An account of the resource The Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Russia, Isidore of Kiev, copied the second century Pros mathēmatikous (Against the Professors) originally written by the Pyrrhonist and Empiric philosopher Sextus Empiricus. The manuscript critiques learning at the time and all of its standard curriculum such as rhetoric, geometry, music, physics, logic, and ethics, etc.. Pros mathēmatikous is written in a Greek minuscule script and has a twenty-seven long lined layout upon 269 folios. In its critique of standardized knowledge acquisition. This manuscript embodies Sextus Empiricus' Pyrrhonian skepticism and suspension of judgment surrounding the degree of whether anything is truly knowable. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Isidore of Kiev, (1385-1463 CE) ; Sextus Empiricus, (ca.160 - ca.210 BCE) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1438-1445 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jules Olszewski Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Ink, Parchment Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LJS 380 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/d4e2bef3cf7f9e034909e580ef5dc850.jpg 6b83b7fa73c66230e5d29e3dc0b100a6 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/e1c0dd389e4340432bf1d2e09424516a.jpg dda6db98798583ef03db29b1e6b322b4 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/2c9c18593d987e84c5a3ef002f25332e.jpg c36882390e20de76ba68d82713d262fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Liturgical Texts Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Isabel Coopersmith Description An account of the resource Liturgical books and texts are some of the most important objects from Byzantium, demonstrating some of the most important aspects of the liturgy. The liturgy refers to the services held by the church, which can include ordinary masses and the celebration of the Eucharist, Sacraments, and Baptisms. There are many customs that take place during these services, some of which include: blessing, singing, washing, kneeling, eating, and more. Services have many fixed aspects, but depending on the day or season, service leaders rely on these liturgical texts to help guide the service. Lectionaries, a general term for books containing readings from the Four Gospels for the liturgical services, can be traced back to the 7th century CE. There are three major types of liturgical books: the evangelion (lectionary) which contains Gospel lections; the prophetolgion which contains Old Testament lections; and the Apostolos which contains lections from the Book of Acts. These texts are crucial as their main purpose is to provide the readings of the church during mass. Liturgical texts found in this gallery range from fragments of Psalters, to a Menologion (a church calendar), to entire lectionaries made for Hagia Sophia, and are all exceptional examples of the importance of liturgy for the Byzantine world. The Old Testament and the New Testament are all represented, and provide an idea of what a liturgical service during the Byzantine Empire looked like. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orthodox Liturgical Roll Fragments Subject The topic of the resource Liturgical Roll Fragment Description An account of the resource Three fragments of an 11th century manuscript from about 1040 -1099 CE, roll of the Liturgy of St. Basil in the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Probably found in Berat, Albania. Two of the fragments share a border. Text is missing between the second and third. Headings and initials in gold. The sides are missing because they were eaten by rodents. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Berat, Albania Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1040 CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, Universities of Pennsylvania Libraries Relation A related resource https://colenda.library.upenn.edu/catalog/81431-p3z60cn38 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 3 fragments : parchment; 720 x 200 mm; 760 x 260 mm; 330 x 260 mm (original width, 260 mm) Language A language of the resource Greek, Ancient Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscripts Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ms. Roll 2062 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/41be1ed20493f42cdd2da01a93dc7df3.jpg 15e1b78b3131c4e10bfd8de22c2101a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Academic Texts Description An account of the resource These academic and educational works are texts that relate to the understanding and teaching of scientific knowledge. This includes subjects such as medicine, timekeeping, and healing. Many of these texts are books, while others are tablets or single manuscript leaves. Some of these works had the purpose of instructing and directing others on how to perform medicine and provide healing, while others are detailed calendars. The recording of text in the Byzantine era was very different from the current understanding of writing. Each of these pieces took a great deal of time, effort, and craftsmanship. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grace Luzcando Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Collection of texts on the calendar Subject The topic of the resource Calendar charts and Graphs Description An account of the resource A compilatory manuscript filled with diagrams and notes on astrology and a few different calendars. There are multiple contributors to this collection spanning from the 7th to 15th century. It is written in Armenian Bolorgir script which contains both majuscule and minuscule lettering, that is, capital and lowercase letters. The cover is made of calf and is lined in a patterned fabric. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anania Shirakatsʻi (685), Hovhannēs Vardapet (ca. 1045-1129), Grigor Skewṛatsʻi (12th c.) Hakob Ghrimetsʻi (14th c.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived LJS 443, Kislak Center, University of Pennsylvania Libraries Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 14th century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jules Olszewski Language A language of the resource Armenian Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper, ink, fabric, calf leather https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/4d9074a54ecc1029a6c78018a298cc9a.jpeg eece1f964ac6ff225ac8a54343cb03f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Personal Adornment Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luke Pelcher Description An account of the resource <span>In the world of Byzantine art, jewelry and personal adornment played an important role in visual culture. The objects presented in this gallery, despite having common themes of devotion or protection, emphasize the wide variety of uses for jewelry in the Byzantine era — for instance, among the rings in this collection there is a wide variety of utilities; while adornment was typically a show of wealth and power, the ways in which individual objects were used still vary — from a marriage ring to a curse ring to a ring of devotion. Each of these</span><span>,</span><span> and all the pieces presented here</span><span>,</span><span> hold a unique story and show the power of Byzantine jewelry in the role of self-presentation.</span><span> </span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gem Ring Subject The topic of the resource Late Antique Ring with Modern Setting Description An account of the resource Rings were a very common form of personal adornment within the Byzantine Empire. They would be a means of conveying the wealth and/ or faith of the wearer. While this particular gem ring doesn’t have any identifiable imagery, it does contain text engraved on the surface in intaglio (an engraving technique). This engraving, written in Greek, does not have any comprehensible meaning, which may suggest that it functioned as a curse ring. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Natalie Green Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/169749 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Agate and metal, height 1.2 cm, width 0.9 cm Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Ring Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 29-128-1826 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Penn Museum https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/7e241d9aeb0c34a5e405a0cad0da1e95.jpeg dcad12eb701bef6d89d79cea9081c86e https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/2bb4e1f5c2a2c45d56f0ac61b0cf09c2.jpeg 8c0d72690943f8093e8145931ae15097 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Beth Shean Subject The topic of the resource Archeological Dig Site Description An account of the resource The archaeological dig at Beth Shean (ancient Scythopolis), modern-day Israel, opened the doors to three millennia of material culture, including the Byzantine period. Beth Shean is remarkable in that its archeological record exists from as early as the 6th millennium BCE, including significant activity in the Late Bronze Age (approx. 1100 BCE). It later resurfaced in the Hellenistic Period, and was a pivotal city during the 4th and 5th centuries CE. During the Byzantine period of 330—638 CE, the city underwent many religious and political changes, including the introduction of Christianity in the fourth century and later the arrival of Islam in the seventh. It fell to an earthquake in 749 CE and would rest relatively untouched until the excavation of the Tel by the Penn Museum in the 1920s. In this gallery, objects from this excavation are presented in their archeological context. Seen below are a variety of materials, ranging from glass to ceramic to coins as well as domestic items. These objects represent the full geography of Beth Shean, including monastic contexts, funerary sites, and the home. All of these works come from different archeological layers. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Natalie Green Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/beth-shean-revisited/ https://beth-shean.squarespace.com/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Round-Mouthed Jug Subject The topic of the resource Glass Jug Description An account of the resource The body of this light green jug was free-blown, while the handle and other decorative threads were added by hand. This glass jug was excavated from Beth Shean in present-day Israel. This object was found in the North Cemetery IV, Tomb 207, along with several other ceramic items. The excavation itself began in 1921; this object wasn’t discovered until 1922-1930. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Penn Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Late 4th to mid 5th century CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Natalie Green Relation A related resource https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/179971 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Glass, height is 8.5 cm, base diameter 4.5 cm Type The nature or genre of the resource Vessel Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 29-105-705 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Syro-Palestinian https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/e09f1ce13130bd894fcf1b50dee14e47.jpg 14360a0e8db93b47888ffce2520c317b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Art of Devotion Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Christina Ball Description An account of the resource Religion in Late Antiquity was marked by religious pluralism. Although the Byzantine Empire's official religion was Orthodox Christianity, art sometimes called upon non-Christian forms, and visual culture of multiple faith traditions existed. For example, when images of Christ or the apostles were depicted, sometimes they were figured in the form of Greek or Roman gods, or accompanied with pagan-derived personifications of geographic locations or ideas such as Death. Religious ideas from Byzantium spread to and are evident in a wide range of geographies, like Kyivian Rus' or late medieval Italy. Byzantine art of devotion mostly comprises Christian themes from Orthodox Christianity. Therefore, religious themes are seen even in personal items not used in the Church. Some of these include capitals adorned by angels; six silver plates that tell the story of the Life of David and his slaying of Goliath; and a Bowl Base with Christ Giving Martyrs’ Crowns to Saints Peter and Paul. Additional objects, such as a Dedication Plaque to a Jewish Temple and a a figural sculpture of Dionysius, demonstrate different religious traditions of Late Antiquity. While the contexts of these works vary, all of them engage with religious iconography. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Marble Plaque for Donation to a Temple Subject The topic of the resource Plaque Description An account of the resource Inscription: [θε]οῦ προνoίᾳ Ε̣[ὕρε= το?]ς πρεσβύ(τερος) κὲ ἔποικος μετὰ τῆς συβίου κὲ τέκν= ων μου ἀνενέωσα τὸ πρόναον τοῦ ἁγιάσ= ματος ἐκ τῶν δωρε= ῶν τοῦ θεοῦ. וארטאס עשה תפּלות שלום Translation: (Greek) Through the providence of God, I, E[uretu]s(?), Elder and Trustee, with my wife and children, renovated the forecourt of the temple with the gifts of god. (Hebrew) Euretus made house of prayer, peace. This marble plaque most likely served as a dedication to the patron who helped fund the renovation of synagogue forecourt. The Greek inscription indicates who made the donation and the purpose for said donation. The Hebrew text further praises him for helping to create a house of prayer. Further, below the lines of text, we are presented with Judaic symbols that hold significance to multiple Jewish holidays. This might indicate that the donation was made around the time of a Jewish holiday or as a gift to the temple for one of the holidays. Regardless of its origin or meaning, this plaque serves as an important piece of work that gives insight to ancient Judaic culture of antiquity. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Judy and Michael Steinhardt Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Austin Cooper Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4th - 6th Century Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Austin Cooper Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Judy and Michael Steinhardt Collection Relation A related resource https://usepigraphy.brown.edu/projects/usep/inscription/NY.NY.MMA.GH.L.2000.74.2/ Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Marble ; 15.98cm 15.74cm x 0.96cm Language A language of the resource Greek and Hebrew Type The nature or genre of the resource Plaque Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2000.74.2 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/0b46123cbd71927b2eb2b6d86bc00d13.jpg a73d5b0fad8e9f1c634e762953f5dd25 https://byzantinephilly.lcdss.reclaim.hosting/files/original/1f42306d7fca65dd51a534667768ad0e.jpg e17f24a62501ed6ca5f4d76eb7052d61 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Liturgical Texts Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Isabel Coopersmith Description An account of the resource Liturgical books and texts are some of the most important objects from Byzantium, demonstrating some of the most important aspects of the liturgy. The liturgy refers to the services held by the church, which can include ordinary masses and the celebration of the Eucharist, Sacraments, and Baptisms. There are many customs that take place during these services, some of which include: blessing, singing, washing, kneeling, eating, and more. Services have many fixed aspects, but depending on the day or season, service leaders rely on these liturgical texts to help guide the service. Lectionaries, a general term for books containing readings from the Four Gospels for the liturgical services, can be traced back to the 7th century CE. There are three major types of liturgical books: the evangelion (lectionary) which contains Gospel lections; the prophetolgion which contains Old Testament lections; and the Apostolos which contains lections from the Book of Acts. These texts are crucial as their main purpose is to provide the readings of the church during mass. Liturgical texts found in this gallery range from fragments of Psalters, to a Menologion (a church calendar), to entire lectionaries made for Hagia Sophia, and are all exceptional examples of the importance of liturgy for the Byzantine world. The Old Testament and the New Testament are all represented, and provide an idea of what a liturgical service during the Byzantine Empire looked like. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fragment of a Menologion Description An account of the resource This Menologion fragment, written in Greek using gall ink on parchment, has been rebound in a 19th century cover. A menologion was a book used to honor the saint or saints honored with a feast on any given day. This one contains Homilies of three church fathers and lacks illumination throughout. The incompleteness of this manuscript is an unfortunate truth that many Byzantine books face. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Free Library of Philadelphia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11th-12th Century CE Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Luke Pelcher Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Free Library of Philadelphia Relation A related resource https://bibliophilly.library.upenn.edu/viewer.php?id=Lewis%20E%20156#page/12/mode/2up Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Parchment; 345 x 255 mm bound to 355 x 280 mm Language A language of the resource Greek Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript