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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Personal Adornment</text>
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                  <text>Luke Pelcher</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;In the world of Byzantine art, jewelry and personal adornment played an important role in visual culture. The objects presented in this gallery, despite having common themes of devotion or protection, emphasize the wide variety of uses for jewelry in the Byzantine era — for instance, among the rings in this collection there is a wide variety of utilities; while adornment was typically a show of wealth and power, the ways in which individual objects were used still vary — from a marriage ring to a curse ring to a ring of devotion. Each of these&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and all the pieces presented here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; hold a unique story and show the power of Byzantine jewelry in the role of self-presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Bracelet with Bust of Roma</text>
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                <text>Roma, or Athena</text>
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                <text>A personification, Roma or possibly Athena, is depicted on this bracelet made of gold. No matter her identity, the presence of a goddess on jewelry in the fifth century shows the continuing impact of pagan culture on the Byzantine world of late antiquity. The woman is depicted alone, emphasizing her importance. She is adorned with a necklace of teardrop pendants, beaded earrings, and a four-cornered cap. The stippled background behind her extends to a beaded outer layer of the medallion. The medallion connects to the hoop of twisted gold wire by way of hinges, which would allow the object to be worn.&#13;
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                <text>Rome</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>The Metropolitan Museum of Art</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>500-550 CE</text>
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                <text>Luke Pelcher</text>
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                <text>The Metropolitan Museum of Art</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/464164</text>
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                <text>Gold, Overall: 4.2 x 5.5 x 6.9 x 4.4 cm Bezel: 4.2 x 0.6 cm Braided Wire: 14.5 x 0.5 x 0.8 cm</text>
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                <text>Bracelet</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>17.190.2053</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Personal Adornment</text>
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                  <text>Luke Pelcher</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;In the world of Byzantine art, jewelry and personal adornment played an important role in visual culture. The objects presented in this gallery, despite having common themes of devotion or protection, emphasize the wide variety of uses for jewelry in the Byzantine era — for instance, among the rings in this collection there is a wide variety of utilities; while adornment was typically a show of wealth and power, the ways in which individual objects were used still vary — from a marriage ring to a curse ring to a ring of devotion. Each of these&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and all the pieces presented here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; hold a unique story and show the power of Byzantine jewelry in the role of self-presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Gem Ring</text>
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                <text>Late Antique Ring with Modern Setting</text>
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                <text>Rings were a very common form of personal adornment within the Byzantine Empire. They would be a means of conveying the wealth and/ or faith of the wearer. While this particular gem ring doesn’t have any identifiable imagery, it does contain text engraved on the surface in intaglio (an engraving technique). This engraving, written in Greek, does not have any comprehensible meaning, which may suggest that it functioned as a curse ring. </text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Natalie Green</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/169749</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Agate and metal, height 1.2 cm, width 0.9 cm</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Greek</text>
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                <text>Ring</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>29-128-1826</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>The Penn Museum</text>
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                  <text>Personal Adornment</text>
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                  <text>Luke Pelcher</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;In the world of Byzantine art, jewelry and personal adornment played an important role in visual culture. The objects presented in this gallery, despite having common themes of devotion or protection, emphasize the wide variety of uses for jewelry in the Byzantine era — for instance, among the rings in this collection there is a wide variety of utilities; while adornment was typically a show of wealth and power, the ways in which individual objects were used still vary — from a marriage ring to a curse ring to a ring of devotion. Each of these&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and all the pieces presented here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; hold a unique story and show the power of Byzantine jewelry in the role of self-presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Marriage Ring</text>
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                <text>A couple, with Christ</text>
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                <text>This ring, made of gold, is from the early Byzantine period and is believed to have been used to signify and protect a marriage. It shows Christ, centered, joining the hands of the two parties flanking him in an engraving of niello, which is a black powder or paste mixture of metals and sulfur. Christ joining their hands in Dextrarum Iunctio, ‘the union of the right’, the joining of the right hands of two parties, represents a divine endorsement of the marital bond between the wearer and their partner.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Dumbarton Oaks</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>650-750 CE</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Luke Pelcher</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Dumbarton Oaks</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>http://museum.doaks.org/objects-1/info/36706</text>
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                <text>Gold with niello; 2.1 cm</text>
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                <text>Ring</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>BZ.1961.3</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Personal Adornment</text>
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                  <text>Luke Pelcher</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;In the world of Byzantine art, jewelry and personal adornment played an important role in visual culture. The objects presented in this gallery, despite having common themes of devotion or protection, emphasize the wide variety of uses for jewelry in the Byzantine era — for instance, among the rings in this collection there is a wide variety of utilities; while adornment was typically a show of wealth and power, the ways in which individual objects were used still vary — from a marriage ring to a curse ring to a ring of devotion. Each of these&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and all the pieces presented here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; hold a unique story and show the power of Byzantine jewelry in the role of self-presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Pair of Kolti with Sirens</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sirens with geometric motifs</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection</text>
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                <text>850-1204 CE</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Emily Feyrer</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>http://museum.doaks.org/objects-1/info/23137</text>
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                <text>Gold casts with enamel motifs</text>
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                <text>Jewelry</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>BZ.1999.13.a-b</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332">
                <text>This pair of Kolti were hollow pendants to allow for perfume to waft from the wearer. They were hung over the heads and attached to strings of pearls on nobles in Byzantium. Made to look symmetrical, koltis were intended to hang on both sides of the wearer’s face. Engraved in the gold are enamel icons of sirens on one side, and colorful geometric patterns on the other. The gold would have sparkled in the light, bringing attention to anyone adorned. Made during the middle Byzantine period, Artist unknown. In the collections at Dumbarton Oaks.</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="276">
                  <text>Personal Adornment</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="342">
                  <text>Luke Pelcher</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="345">
                  <text>&lt;span&gt;In the world of Byzantine art, jewelry and personal adornment played an important role in visual culture. The objects presented in this gallery, despite having common themes of devotion or protection, emphasize the wide variety of uses for jewelry in the Byzantine era — for instance, among the rings in this collection there is a wide variety of utilities; while adornment was typically a show of wealth and power, the ways in which individual objects were used still vary — from a marriage ring to a curse ring to a ring of devotion. Each of these&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and all the pieces presented here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; hold a unique story and show the power of Byzantine jewelry in the role of self-presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>St. Nicholas Ring</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>St. Nicholas</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192">
                <text>This ring of St. Nicholas was most likely created during the 13th century, and it was created in a way to make it look like it was the gemstone jasper. This ring came to the museum along with many others as part of a gemstone collection that previously belonged to Maxwell Sommerville. It is believed that this ring was purchased under the impression that it was made from Jasper rather than enamel. Red glass paste was used to create the cameo of the icon of St. Nicholas, where it was set in gild. St. Nicholas is identified by the inscription surrounding his image. </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>13th century CE</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195">
                <text>Asher Riley</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="196">
                <text>University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="197">
                <text>https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/232707</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="198">
                <text>Greek</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ring</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="200">
                <text>29-128-2277</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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